What case established the standard for assessing the officer's actions as objectively reasonable?

The case of Graham v. Connor is the landmark decision that established the standard for evaluating an officer's use of force or other actions under the Fourth Amendment. This standard requires that an officer's actions be assessed based on the objective reasonableness of the situation, as judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene.

The ruling emphasizes that the reasonableness of an officer's use of force must take into account the circumstances faced at that time, including the severity of the crime, whether the suspect posed an immediate threat to the safety of officers or others, and whether the suspect was actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight. This standard aims to ensure that law enforcement officers can make split-second decisions in high-pressure situations without the benefit of hindsight.

The other cases mentioned involve different legal issues and do not establish the standard for objectively reasonable actions by police officers in the context of use of force or arrest situations, making them less relevant to this specific question.